For example, the isolates that affect cultivars in the Gros Michel, Silk and Pome subgroups, among others, are classified as race 1. The pathogenic isolates are classified into races based on the cultivars on which they cause disease. The solution best adapted to the continued production of bananas in infested soils is replacing susceptible cultivars by resistant ones. The fungus cannot be managed using chemical pesticides. Disease progression results in the collapse of leaves at the petiole, the splitting of the pseudostem base and eventually plant death. The fungus enters the plant through the roots and colonizes the xylem vessels thereby blocking the flow of water and nutrients. It has since spread through Asia and reached Africa in 2013 (see Distribution of TR4). At the end of the 1980s, the so-called TR4 strain, to which Cavendish cultivars are susceptible, was isolated from samples from Taiwan 1 In the 1950s, 'Gros Michel' was replaced by Cavendish cultivars. The epidemic strated in Central America on the susceptible 'Gros Michel' banana, which at the time dominated the global export trade. It is the first disease of bananas to have spread globally in the first half of the 20th century. Tropical race 4: western, south and southeast Asia, Australia and MozambiqueÄŻusarium wilt of banana, popularly known as Panama disease, is a lethal fungal disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.
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